Role of stock market in economy pdf jobs

I am seeking a highly skilled freelancer to undertake a multifaceted project involving the detailed completion and enhancement of a CSV file for upload to Square. This extensive project requires three core competencies: meticulous data extraction from our website, proficient data entry into an Excel form, and the creation of engaging service descriptions using AI tools. The ultimate goal is to craft a CSV file that not only meets but exceeds the requirements for Square's platform, ensuring a seamless upload process. Key Responsibilities: Data Extraction and Accuracy: Initiate the project by extracting data from specific sections of our website. This data must be accurately transcribed into an Excel form, adhering closely to the required fields. Attention to deta...

I need Crypto market making bot which is generate Volume without any loss. I need python code means I can run on AWS cloud. I have one code if you do changes on that then that's also Okay for me.

I am looking for a skilled content writer to create promotional content for my socia...platforms. The target audience for these posts are professionals, so an understanding of professional language and a knack for persuasive wording is key. Ideal Skills: - Social media content creation - Knowledge of professional market nuances - Experience in writing promotional content The tasks will include creating social media posts that: - Highlight the promotional aspects of our offerings - Grasp our professional audience's attention - Engage the audience and motivate them to take action Your content should be compelling, engaging, and speak directly to professionals, ultimately driving promotions for our products. Your creativity and understanding of...

I'm in need of an experienced grant proposal writer who can help me secure funding for my invention - an innovative baby feeding solution that significantly improves existing technology. The proposal should be compelling, detailed and persuasive to potential investors or grant providers. The grant proposal should effectively convey the following key points: - The invention's value proposition: it improves existing technology related to baby feeding - The problem it addresses: specifically related to feeding and nutrition for babies and their parents - The market: the target audience includes babies and their parents Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven track record in writing successful grant proposals, preferably within a similar industry ...

1. Understand the job description well and the requirements of a role 2. I will give leads to you to call suitable candidates for the job 3. Make those candidates understand the job and schedule them for the interview 4. Get maximum selections for a particular role 5. Get 20 selections for the particular job post

I'm seeking a proficient freelancer with a diverse skill set...entry, Excel operation, content creation management, and a strong background in graphic design, specifically using Adobe Illustrator. Key tasks of this position include: - Medium volume data entry, approximately 100-500 entries, across various platforms. - Expertise in Excel for data organization, manipulation, and reporting. - Content Creation Management: overseeing and coordinating content creation, editing, and scheduling. - Adobe Illustrator skills: design and editing of graphics for web and print, adhering to brand guidelines. Your experience and skills in these areas will be crucial to the success of this project. Please outline your relevant experience and how you plan ...

About the Company Sanion, located in Incheon, South Korea, has been focused on developing electric automation devices, such as automation relays, and merging units since 1997. We have the most advanced electric automation technologies in South Korea. We are welcoming you who want to be a part of leading the global electric automation devices market. You may visit our company website here for more information: Opportunity type: • Full Time/Part Time: Full-Time • Project Only Hire: No • Visa Sponsorship Available Firmware Team: Developing Linux application [Main Responsibilities] • Embedded Linux • Linux applications (such as IEC 61850 communication stack, PTP stack, etc.) • Test & Debugging the above [Required Experi...

I'm in need of telesales professionals who can exclusively target businesses for my campaign. The primary goals include generating leads, if you are a telemarketer or carrying out remote appointments, if you are experienced in sales. You will be speaking to business owners in the UK so you must have excellent English & listening skill. The project requires: - Outbound B2B telesales experience - Proven track record in lead generation - Ability to deliver results in sales - Keen to Learn Your role will be pivotal in helping me reach out to businesses with the aim of initially generating quality leads. Once proven you will be contacting leads to create appointments. Once successful in that role you will ...

I'm seeking KOLs on TikTok to promote my short video app. My primary goal is to increase brand awareness. Key Responsibilities: - Collaborate with TikTok KOLs to promote our shor...My primary goal is to increase brand awareness. Key Responsibilities: - Collaborate with TikTok KOLs to promote our short video app - Goal: Increase brand awareness among teenagers, young adults, and parents Ideal Candidate: - Proven experience working with KOLs on TikTok - Skilled in influencer marketing and boosting brand awareness - Familiar with the short video app market - Capable of reaching diverse audience demographics, including teenagers, young adults, and parents If you have a strong track record in influencer marketing on TikTok and can help us enhance our brand a...

...well. We're actively looking for a senior engineer with expert level Solidity smart contract skills with a web3 focus. You must have deep expertise in securing smart contracts using a combination of processes (ex: code reviews, audits), tools, and techniques. Bonus if you have a Security background. If your someone that's developed and shipped DeFi smart contracts holding significant value, we want to hear from you! This is a fully remote role and you'll be working in a fully distributed team with members across the globe. Responsibilities You'll implement new ideas, designing and testing complex DeFi smart contracts You'll take authority in your team checking your colleagues code for correctness and security Work with extern...

Role Overview: We're a boutique property developer and advisory based in Queensland, Australia. With a renewed focus on growing our business, we need a full-time Marketing Coordinator who can provide proactive and timely marketing coordination. This position is largely marketing based with project management as an autonomous, hands-on role. Working with our Managing Director, you will be self-motivated, with the confidence to follow-up quickly and avoid delays, and turn a small idea into strategic content. –––– Content: - Create written copy for blogs, social media, email nurture campaigns and email campaigns from ideation - Provide support to the wider team on copywriting Digital: - Change page content and data as directed - Support...

I have developed a puzzle game but having difficulty in sending it to market as not possession of account is a main reason Need someone with developer con-sol to launch the app

I am looking for a skilled .ASP developer who can make significant improvements to my older .ASP pages. See the attached PDF for details. The image is a mock up of what I want when complete.

...creation, market research and competitor analysis. You will be instrumental to my business operation. The scope of work will include: - Research/Data Pull: With your keen eye, I require market research and competitor analysis, keeping abreast of industry trends and informing our business strategy accordingly. - Content Creation: I need assistance in creating engaging blog posts and social media content. Bonus points for someone who is also comfortable with graphic design. The specific nature of these tasks will be discussed once a successful candidate is chosen. These tasks will require a variety of skills and experience: - Proficiency in research and data analysis. - Exceptional writing abilities. - Experience in cr...

...storytelling executive summary slides. Your role will be crucial in elevating the impact of my presentations and effectively communicating key messages to potential clients. Required Skills and Experience: Proficiency in creating impactful sales presentation decks. Excellent understanding of PowerPoint's capabilities and how to leverage them for maximum effect. Strong grasp of design principles and visual communication techniques. Prior experience in creating presentations for potential clients in the B2B sector would be highly advantageous. If you have a passion for creating compelling presentations that captivate audiences and drive results, I want to collaborate with you! Please submit your portfolio showcasing your prev...

Please quote for the production of a set of architectural construction drawings for four (4) new terrace houses using AutoCAD. Refer to the attached schedule of drawings that need to be completed. Please find attached: - an example of the level of drawings and detailing that is required - our current set of plans, elevations + handmade sections. Once the job is assigned, further details, architectural drawings + structural drawings will be provided to assist. Payments will be processed over 4 milestones with a submission and review at each stage: Milestone 1 – 40% of the package: Details wall, roof, windows, internal scale 1:10 Sections scale1:50 sections Milestone 2 &...

We're looking to work with an experienced full-stack developer. Some requirements We're only looking for a single developer (NO AGENCIES) - Must be fluent in English - Must be available upon request - Must be flexible - Must be willing to work beyond regular working hours. - Must be able to make changes and updates fast (work with speed) - Must be able to communicate - Full-time dedication is necessary - Flutter, Laravel & AWS is vital for this role

As a PC game developer, I am currently in need of someone with expertise in Unreal Engine 5.3 (UE5.3) to assist me in setting up a Ready Player Me Avatar and animating it within my project. This role doesn't require a detailed proposal or proof of past experience, although it would be appreciated. Specifically, the project involves: - Setting up the avatar in the UE5.3 environment - Executing the necessary animations for the avatar Skills & Experience: - Strong proficiency in UE5.3 - Experience with Ready Player Me Avatar setup and animation - Ability to troubleshoot and implement solutions quickly Please note that those with a background in PC game development and avatar animation will be highly preferred. Your eff...

I am in need of a highly proficient technical support team with experience in Android and WordPress applications. Key Responsibilities: - Live chat support: You will be handling user queries and complaints through live chat. The ability to reply promptly and offer effective solutions is critical. Android Application Support: - Treating UI issues: Users might face navigation or layout problems which affect the app's usability. - Correcting Functional issues: The app may not perform as expected, you will need to troubleshoot and fix such problems. - Improving Performance issues: Slow load times, crashing or freezing issues need to be resolved for enhanced user experience. WordPress Support: - You'll be assisting in the WordPress estate, e...

I am looking for a skilled Maya software designer to help me create a tool that is ta...into the software are 3D modeling, animation tools, and rendering capabilities. The main purpose of this software will be to streamline and enhance my work in film and animation production. The complexity level I'm seeking for the animation tools is basic - I need these animations to facilitate simple movements and actions rather than more intricate, detailed projects. Your role would be to design and develop the software based on these requirements, ensuring a user-friendly interface and seamless integration of the desired features. Please let me know if you have a proven track record in Maya software design, specific to these features and purpose, as this wil...

I'm looking for a skilled social media manager to handle our Instagram account. The primary goal of this role is to maintain our content quality and grow our followers. Key Responsibilities: - Manage content creation and posting - Develop a strategic growth plan - Engage with followers to boost engagement Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in growing an Instagram following - Strong content creation and curation skills - Understanding of Instagram's algorithm and best practices - Excellent communication and engagement skills

I'm seeking an expert cold caller to help me with B2B sales. Key Responsibilities: - Making outbound calls to businesses - Generating leads and sales The ideal candidate will have: - Extensive experience in B2B sales - Proven track record for cold calling - Excellent communication skills - Persistence and a results-driven mindset Your role will be critical in helping me grow my business through sales, so I'm looking for a professional who can deliver results.

As a Shopify store owner, I'm looking for an experienced Shopify freelancer who can work on my Health and Beauty store. The store already exists, but needs some adjustments and optimisations. Key Points: - Produ...target audience. The freelancer should be able to understand my vision and translate it on the site. Requirement: - Knowledgeable about Shopify and e-commerce best practices. - Familiar with health & beauty industry. - Experience in creating a classic and traditional design style. - Keen eye for detail. - Proactive and reliable. Your role would be to identify areas for improvement, make necessary changes and conduct tests to ensure the store is fully functional and customer-friendly. Your success will be measured by an increase in user experie...

...an example, there are certain relationships between alot of styles. If a sofa has 24" cushions, so does the loveseat and chair. The ch1.5, sofa 2, and extra long sofa would have 32" cushions. If the sofa has 22" cushions the bigger ones are 30". So once the sofa is entered it should extrapolate the other pieces. however, there are exceptions to the rule so I would want to be able to overwrite them. - Same thing with the sectionals, with knowing the sofa cushion size, the depth, and arm width, most pieces should auto fill the sizes. - The way I see it is the sheet is a grid with x # of spaces besides the picture, name and some corporate info. When creating one, I see a list of available templates and choose which ones I want to fill in th...

...this to be done IMMEDIATELY! - Extract data in a specified format. - Transfer data from the price listing PDF to an Excel spreadsheet. - Input details such as SKU, Name, Description, Brand, Cost Price, Length, Width, Height, and Weight, which are highlighted in blue. - If any title or heading is not mentioned in the details provided in item #3, add it to columns U-Z. - Ensure all data is formatted correctly, with names in proper case and prices as numerical values. I'm in need of a proficient data entry freelancer to help convert a scanned image PDF to an Excel spreadsheet. Key Details: - The PDF contains less than 50 pages. - The data in the PDF is in the form of scanne...

I am in search of an adaptable writer with excellent research capabilities, well-prepared to produce dynamic pieces, irrespective of the topic I provide. Here's an outline of the project requirements: - Adept knowledge of APA formatting style. - Proficiency in conducting research and creating engaging content (of 500-1000 words each). - Must provide a Turnitin plagiarism report for each submission. Here's what I'm seeking skills-wise in the perfect candidate: - Versatility in shifting between diverse subjects. - Capacity to handle varying assignments in the realms of Science and Technology, Social Science, and Business and Economics. In brief, I need someone who can transform compl...

The attach image needs to be redone so that I can print stickers please. It should be a pretty simple fix. The current logo is a combination of text and an icon, which will be provided to you upon accepting the project. Your task is to create an updated logo that can be used to print stickers. The ideal candidate for this role should have: - Proven experience in logo design - A strong portfolio that demonstrates your ability to create professional and unique logos - Understanding of the academic and graduation theme - Excellent communication skills to understand and implement feedback - Ability to work efficiently and meet deadlines Please note that the logo should be original, so any designs that are copied or based on existing templates will not be accep...

I'm looking for an experienced grant writer to assist in securing a government grant. The primary aim of this grant application is to secure funding for an arts initiative. Key Responsibilities: - Research, identify and apply for suitable government grants - Draft and submit persuasive grant proposals with a focus on securing research funding - Work closely with our team to ensure all necessary information is included in the application - Keep up-to-date with grant guidelines and requirements, ensuring applications are fully compliant Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in successfully securing government grants, particularly for research projects - Exceptional writing skills and ability to craft compelling, persuasive proposals - Familiarity...

I'm in need of a professional who can adeptly handle Amazon FBA and FBM. The chosen freelancer will be tasked with responsibilities on a profit-share basis. Key Responsibilities: - Inventory Management and Ordering: Successful management of inventory records is vital. You'll need to keep track of stock and efficiently handle ordering processes. - Product Research and Listing: The ability to conduct thorough, fruitful product research, coupled with effective listing, is crucial. - Customer Service: Ensuring each customer is exceptionally served and satisfied is highly desired. For this project, an experience dealing with stores that have a monthly sales volume of less than $10,000 is ideally suited. If you have a solid foundation in...

I would like to hire a developer that is familiar with coding C++ on an Arduino platform. Project Description: - Control a poker game via addressable LED light strips & buttons for each player, including the dealer. I have a flow chart built for the functionality I am looking for (see attached pdf) and the effects I want to happen once certain conditions/states have been met. Hardware details: - W2812B LED Strip - Individually Addressable 16.4ft, 60 pixels/m - DC5V - AC100-240V to DC5V/30A Power Supply - Max 150W - Arduino Mega 2560 R3 - (10) Push-Button Switches I would ideally like this to be completed within the next few weeks. We can lower the complexity if that will make it more feasible / less buggy. Thank you!

As an auto dealer specializing in fully refurbished cars, resto-mods, and car upgrades, I require an advanced Adobe Photoshop expert to produce twelve 3D renderings per car model with moderate level of detail, incorporating textures and materials. Your role will include: - Creating 3D renderings of various car projects including fully refurbished vehicles, resto mods, upgraded cars, and saloons converted to estates. - Each model requires at least twelve 3D designs, capturing unique angles and highlights of each vehicle. - I anticipate these renderings to incorporate a moderate level of detail with textures and materials but not necessarily require realistic lighting effects. As the ideal candidate, you should demonstrate: - Excellent proficienc...

I need a proficient ANSYS expert to assist in setting up a structural analysis simulation. Your role will primarily focus on: - Building a model within ANSYS that accurately represents a simple structure. - getting some solution and get the pdf

We are looking for an expert in advertising and video marketing with a proven track record in selling advertising specifically to c-level chinese ejecutives to make a short video for sport cam companies. We are looking for license this product to Insta360 so we need to make a great first impression We are not looking for a normal advertising professional. The ideal candidate should have a deep understanding of the CEO mindset, needs and way to present data as well as experience in creating compelling and effective advertisements. They should be able to develop innovative advertising strategies and campaigns that resonate with chinese CEOs and generate results. Key Objectives: - Drive sales through video and presentation content - Implement a compelling strate...

I'm looking for a striking, colorful logo design to represent my brand,...utilizing a vibrant color scheme. - Unique and Memorable: I'm seeking a design that is distinct and memorable, helping my brand to stand out in a competitive market. Additional Info: - Pink, Teal, and Gold are the colors I'd like to incorporate into the design. These hues should be utilized in a way that is impactful yet balanced. - The logo should be a visual representation of my brand, capturing its essence and communicating its values. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience with logo design, particularly with bold and colorful styles. - Strong understanding of color theory and the ability to apply it effectively in design. - Creativity and innova...

As an AI specialist, my primary objective is to leverage your expertise in Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing to enhance customer satisfaction through innovative AI technology. Key Responsibilities: - Designing and implementing machine learning models to predict and analyze customer behavior - Developing and integrating natural language processing algorithms for sentiment analysis and customer feedback processing - Ensuring the AI system is well-equipped to provide personalized and efficient services to our customers Ideal Candidate: - Proven experience in Machine Learning and NLP, with a strong portfolio of successful projects - Proficiency in Python (preferred) and familiarity with Java and C++ for AI development - Strong problem-solving skil...

...and Scrapper in order to construct an engaging and intuitive AI chatbot for my website. Requirements: >- The primary role of the AI chatbot will be in information retrieval. It's critical that it efficiently and accurately fetches and presents data to users. >- I want the interaction with chatbot to feel natural and conversational. The chatbot should not merely provide answers but engage users in a dialogue to better understand and meet their needs. >- Since we cater to a global audience, the chatbot needs to be multi-lingual, capable of understanding and responding in several languages. Ideal Skills: >- Proven experience in designing and developing AI chatbots. >- Proficiency in OpenAI, Pinecone and...

I'm seeking an independent sales representative who can assist me in developing retail distribution channels for our electronics, home appliances, automotive and fashion products in the USA's West Coast. Our stock is warehoused in Asia ready for supply. Ideal candidates must- - Have experience in dealing with retail stores - Be located or have solid connections on the West Coast - Be knowledgeable in the Electronics/Home Appliances/Automotive/Fashion industry Your responsibilities will include mapping out potential retail stores, forging relationships and negotiating product placement deals. This is an exciting opportunity to play a role in driving the growth of diverse product categories in the USA ma...

...will delve into the obscure and complex landscape of Congo, post-colonialism, and the role of private military companies (PMCs) and mercenaries in the development of Democratic Republic of Congo's (DRC) statehood. This sophisticated exploration will specifically address: - The historical and contemporary significance of PMCs and mercenaries for Congo's statehood. - The implications of these entities on the DRC's political landscape post-colonialism. Ideally, the freelancer will: - Have a background in Political Science, International Relations with a specific focus on African politics. - Show competence in understanding and deconstructing complex geopolitical issues. - Have a command of acade...

I am in need of a skilled individual who can handle meeting scheduling and closing deals through manual processes like email and phone calls. We are managing more than 20 meetings and deals per month, so efficiency and effectiveness is a must. Key features required for this job include: - Automatic scheduling and reminders to ensure no meeting is missed or overlooked. - Real-time bidding capabilities to enable the swift negotiation and closing of deals. - Transparent reporting and tracking for a clear view of all ongoing and upcoming tasks. Ideal candidates would have experience in a business or sales role, with strong skills in organization, communication, negotiation, and the use of digital tools for scheduling and reminders. Expe...

...research on stock market efficiency which would answer some critical questions about the impact of technical analysis, efficiency of varied stock market indices, and substantial factors playing roles in the efficiency. • Investigate technical analysis impact Leaning on your experience in financial research, dig deep into how technical analysis affects the efficiency of the stock market. • Compare differing market indices Similarly, gauge the efficiency of different stock market indices, exploring their individual strengths and challenges. • Identify efficiency-affecting factors Lastly, determine and analyze the factors that directly impact the efficiency of...

...developer to create a versatile iOS note-taking app. The primary goal of the app is to provide a comprehensive platform for text formatting, creating, saving, and printing notes. Your main tasks will include: - Implementing essential text formatting features like bold, italic, and underline. - Enabling users to insert various elements such as images, tables, graphs, and backgrounds. - Customizing fonts and other text styles. - Providing options for saving notes in various formats like pdf, txt, rtf, and doc. - Incorporating a seamless printing functionality. To be successful in this project, you should have a strong background in iOS app development, particularly in the context of note-taking and text formatting. Proficiency in t...

...develop and a co-working space in Jaipur that is tailored to the unique needs and preferences of local professionals and entrepreneurs. Through extensive market research, I've gathered valuable insights into what potential clients value in a work environment. Here's what I'm looking for in a freelancer to bring this vision to life: - A skilled interior designer with experience in autocad planning, sketchup and vray 3d design, 3d rendors , photoshop rendors, minimalist and ergonomic workspace layouts, who can incorporate light color schemes and natural elements, etc - A technology consultant who can implement a robust digital infrastructure, including high-speed internet, smart devices, and software subscriptions. - An acoustic en...

...intricate relationship between the gold and stock markets within emerging economies. As a financial researcher or data analyst, your task is to: - Collect historical pricing data of gold and stock markets in these growing economies. - Identify and analyze the economic indicators that directly influence these markets. - Review existing research studies that delve into the correlation between gold and stocks in these markets. Expected Output: In-depth analysis with detailed insights on the interplay between the two markets, with potential implications for investment strategies. You should have experience in financial research, competent analytical skills, and a solid understanding of the stock market, gold market...

I'm in the designing phase of a residential building project, and I'm seeking a talented structural engineer to help me resolve any potential construction issues. The right candidate for this project should have: - Proven experience in residential structural engineering - Strong problem-solving abilities to resolve construction issues promptly - Familiarity with the intricacies of residential design Your main role will involve: - Participating in the design phase - Predicting and addressing possible construction problems - Ensuring seamless construction progress Get involved in designing a beautiful and functional home.

I need a skilled professional who can create a Debian package (".deb") specifically targeted for the Ubuntu and Debian operating system. Key Requirements: - Creation of a Debian package specifically for Ubuntu - Understanding of Debian packaging standards Your role would involve compiling the source code and bundling it into a .deb package that can be easily installed on Ubuntu and Debian systems. Please only apply if you have prior experience with Debian packaging.

...an array of interactive light sensory products specifically designed for children aged 4 to 12 years. I'm currently seeking a skilled professional to assist in selling these products via our website, CRM, and direct contact. Key Responsibilities: - Leverage your sales and marketing skills to promote our interactive light sensory products for children. - Utilize both our website and CRM to reach the broadest possible audience. - Understand our products' unique selling points and effectively communicate these to our target market. Ideal Candidate: - Experienced in sales, particularly in children's products. - Proficient in online sales and marketing, especially with websites and CRMs. - Understands the unique challenges and requir...

I'm in need of a professional who can help me edit and format my CV. I'd like it to be ATS friendly, free of any language mistakes, and well-designed. Key Requirements: - Make the CV ATS friendly: Ensure that it's well-structured and contains the right keywords to pass through ATS systems. - Edit and fix all language mistakes: A flawless CV is critical, so I need someone who can proofread and correct language errors. - Provide 3 different designs: I would like to have 3 different designs of the CV for me to choose and make for each design of the 3 designs both a 1-page and a 2-page version: I aim to have both a concise, 1-page version and a more detailed 2-page version (total 6 files 12 with pdf versions). Ideal Skills and Experie...

I'm searching for a skilled designer to create a custom template for my landscape maintenance proposals. Key Elements to Include: - My company logo - Contact information - Descriptions of our services I prefer the template to be delivered in a PDF format. Color Scheme: - The proposed design should predominantly feature Green and White, to align with my company's branding. Ideal Skills: - Proficiency with graphic design software - Previous experience in creating professional documents - A keen eye for detail - Commitment to meet deadlines Your portfolio demonstrating similar projects would greatly support your application. Let's create a template that embodies professionalism and attention to detail.

...land in Greece. The SPV holds a license and rights to build a bungalow resort consisting of 110 small 12sqm bungalows and 22 larger 30sqm bungalows. Key Features: - Location: The land is in Greece and hase direct access to the beach. - Bungalows: The resort will consist of 110 small (12sqm) and 22 larger (30sqm) bungalows. - Facilities & Amenities: A restaurant, water sports facilities, a spa and a fitness center. Ideal Experience and Skills: - Legal expertise in Greece and fluently writing Greek legal agreements. - Knowledge of property law in Greece - Experience with SPV agreements - Hospitality industry experience, particularly in resort planning and development - Understanding of the local resort market and ...

...app will make use of APIs. Exciting project with room for creativity. Interested? Let's chat Key Features: - The app should be available on both iOS and Android platforms. - Real-time sports data integration is crucial for live updates. - Users should be able to: - Make predictions on sports events - Compete in daily/weekly challenges - Follow live scores and stats Ideal Skills: - Excellent proficiency in React Native - Prior experience with sports-themed apps - Integration of real-time data APIs - Ability to create engaging user experiences for interactive games - Strong understanding of mobile app development. Your role in this project will be to collaborate with me to design, develop, and implement all the functionalitie...