Sustainable Energy electrification plan for a city

Introduction You are leading a team developing a sustainable electrification plan for the city of Antsiranana in northern Madagascar. The city houses a projected population of approximately 140,000 people whose average annual household income is USD 490. Your aim is to ensure universal access to energy by 2028 at a level no worse than Tier 5, given that the number of households, and by extension, the city’s total energy demand, increases steadily by 5% annually. Assumptions • The city currently has no electricity infrastructure. • For simplicity, assume a two-tier residential demand profile with a fixed daytime and fixed night-time demand for all customers and a 75% coincidence factor. • The residential and non-residential demand profiles have the same shape, but the former is twice the latter, and both increase equally by 5% annually. • The electricity infrastructure cost is USD 25,000/km of cabling and USD 500 per customer/household connection. Tasks Propose a financially viable electrification plan to be rolled out over the next 25 years. Your plan should make allowance for the uptake of electric vehicles by at least 100 in 1000 households by 2028. Your electrification plan should address the following: 1. Assessment of local user requirements. Here, first principles should be used to determine the appliances most likely to be owned by the average household, and from which the electricity demand profile for the community can be deduced. However, you should provide justification for your appliance choice and utilization profile and if you propose to meet the cooking, heating, or cooling demand by alternative means, a reasonable justification should be provided. Use the Excel spreadsheet, [login to view URL] (distributed with this brief), to deduce the demand profile and the QGIS software to determine the total length of cabling required to electrify the city. 2. Zero carbon energy generation. Your plan should contain at least two electrical power sources (one of which must be zero carbon) and have a total decarbonization level of at least 75% at the end of the 25-year period. 3. Transition pathway to net zero energy generation by 2050. 4. Financial aspects, including business model and investment approach. You should explicitly state how your plan will be sustainably funded, as well as how your investment will be recovered. 5. Governance and policy structure for the proposed energy system. 6. Other factors relevant to the sustainability of your proposed energy system. You should use only the software packages and spreadsheets you have studied in this module, and where necessary, your own spreadsheet, for this assessment. Provide sufficient details on your assumptions and design parameters for your system, as well as tables containing the most important outcome of your analysis. Also provide screenshots of your optimal system configuration (if applicable) and screenshots of relevant graphs and charts, including your GIS analysis results. Please note that you will not be awarded marks for any other screenshots! At a minimum, a good plan contains the following: a) Estimate of the total annual demand for the city for the next 25 years. b) A list of suitable energy solutions to satisfy the required electrification level, stating the total cost of, and justification for, your resulting energy mix. c) The strategy you would adopt for deploying your chosen energy mix. d) The total cost and economic indicators of your strategy. e) Policies, regulations, and frameworks for ensuring a sustainable energy system.