Article writing jobs in magazines jobs
I'm seeking skilled marketers to promote a writing competition on social media platforms. This campaign should primarily engage young adults aged 20-35, with the main goal of significantly increasing the number of participants. Ideal candidates will have: - Expertise in social media marketing strategy - Previous experience targeting young adults - Prior success in promotional campaigns boosting event participation.
I am in need of a skilled writer to create engaging blog articles tailored to working professionals between the ages of 30 and 50. The main purpose of these articles is to provide information on industry-related topics. - Excellent writing skills and experience in professional blogging are necessary. - You should be able to perform thorough research on industry-related topics and generate ideas for new content. - Experience producing copy for a working professional audience is necessary. - You should be well-versed in creating informative and engaging articles. - A deep understanding of the needs and interests of working professionals is needed. The goal here is to provide high-quality content that will resonate with this specific audience and shed light on v...
We are seeking an experienced copywriter to join our team. The ideal candidate should have a strong portfolio showcasing past work and a proven track record of success. As a copywriter, you will primarily be ...Attention to detail, creativity, and excellent communication skills are essential for this role. If you have a passion for crafting impactful messages and can deliver high-quality results within tight deadlines, we would love to hear from you. Relevant skills: - Exceptional writing and editing abilities - Strong research skills - SEO knowledge - Proficiency in grammar and punctuation - Creativity and ability to think outside the box - Good organizational skills and ability to work independently - Familiarity with various writing styles - Excellent time manageme...
I am looking improve product reviews for three different products on Amazon. I need a professional who can provide 50 product reviews for each item. Ideal Candidate: - Proven experience in writing engaging product reviews on Amazon - Knowledge of Amazon's review policy and guidelines - Ability to write in a way that resonates with potential customers, helping to increase sales and build trust Note: This is for Canada Region product.
I'm looking for ...job platform where job seekers can find and apply for full-time and freelance job opportunities. I need this project to be completed as soon as possible. Key Features: - Full-time and Freelance Jobs: The platform should support posting, searching, and application of full-time and freelance job opportunities. - User-friendly Interface: Intuitive design enabling easy navigation and job application. - Job Alerts: Implement a feature that allows job seekers to get notified whenever a new job matching their criteria is posted. Ideal Candidate: - Proven experience in full-stack development, particularly in building similar platforms. - Strong understanding of user experience design and development. - Ability to work on tight deadlines and deliver h...
I am on the lookout for an adept freelance copywriter who is proficient in both German and English. Our need primarily concerns: - Crafting content for brochures and website edits - Ideally, the copy will maintain a balanced approach, merging technical specificity with more general appeal to convey our B2B software-as-a-service (SaaS) offerings to potential customers. Your ability to deliver clear, persuasive, and engaging writing optimized for a B2B audience is critical for this project. In addition, you may occasionally be tasked with creating social posts, reports, blog posts and providing translations from English to German, making bilingual proficiency a must. Our German marketing team largely focuses on our SaaS product (specifically, our learning management...
READ CAREFULLY - THIS COULD BE A LUCRATIVE OPPORTUNITY FOR THE RIGHT PERSON OR AGENCY We're looking for a talented and passionate AI enthusiast / specialist to work along site us catering to our clients About Us: We are a leading AI solutions agency based in London, UK, specializing in AI services tailored for small to medium-sized businesses (SMBs) across the UK and Europe. We are currently seeking a highly motivated individual or agency to collaborate with us in setting up these systems for our current clients. About You: Technical Skills: - Experience with cloud-based AI platforms (e.g., Dialogflow, Rasa, Bland AI, Open AI, Pipedream, Make, Zapier etc) - Strong understanding of natural language processing (NLP) concepts - Familiarity with API integration...
I'm in need of a skilled content creator to help me generate engaging and informative articles. The articles I need will typically be between 500-1000 words each. These pieces should be concise and well-written, catering to a general audience. I'm looking for someone who can maintain a high standard of writing, ensuring the content is not only informative, but also engaging and easy to read. Previous experience in article writing or content creation is a significant advantage. It would be great if the writer has a background in SEO as the articles will be used to boost my website's visibility. Please provide samples of your previous work, especially if you have experience in article writing or SEO optimizat...
I'm urgently seeking a skilled data analyst with excellent writing abilities. The job entails: - **Interpreting Statistical Results:** You'll be required to take the results from statistical analysis carried out using SAS models and Excel, and interpret them into a clear, concise and comprehensive written report. The final document should be in Word format. The ideal candidate should have a strong data analysis background and experience with SAS models. Additionally, exceptional writing skills and the ability to distill complex statistical information into an easily understandable format will be pivotal for this project.
...for my Ireland-based memoir-writing company. The primary objectives of this website are to attract new clients to our services, provide downloadable content in the field of life-writing (e.g. webinars, lectures, blog posts etc.), and offer an innovative/interactive space for clients to network and ask questions etc. on the platform. This project also needs to be accomplished through showcasing positive testimonials from our previous clients and providing comprehensive information about who we are and what we do in a highly visually appealing format. The chosen freelancer should have a strong portfolio that includes similar work, especially in the domain of the literary arts. Ideal skills and experience: - Proven record in web design - Knowledg...
...performance and visibility of our website. Here's what the project entails: 1. Find out all of AI article and listed it from our corrently article. 2. Write high quality 2000-2500 new articles to replace the AI articles, we can talk about this price later on. 3. Anylasis all of post according to keywords, find out repeated or nearly repeated url list, and give suggestion on which list should be deleted or replaced - On-Page Optimization: The SEO specialist will also need to optimize our website's on-page elements. This includes refining meta tags, heading tags, image alt attributes, and other on-page SEO factors. The primary goal is to make our website more search engine friendly and improve our ranking in search engine results pages (SERPs). The ideal ...
I am looking for a skilled content writer to revamp the website content of my established business and provide engaging product descriptions. Requirements: - Creation of more than 10 page...product descriptions. Requirements: - Creation of more than 10 pages of website content: The content should be SEO optimized, engaging, and reflective of the tone and values of the brand. - Engaging product descriptions: The writer should be able to provide product descriptions that are both informative and persuasive, designed to increase sales. Skills and Experience: - Proven track record in content writing for established businesses. - Understanding of SEO best practices. - Ability to write engaging and persuasive product descriptions. - Familiarity with the industry or similar busi...
I'm urgently seeking a skilled data analyst with excellent writing abilities. The job entails: - **Interpreting Statistical Results:** You'll be required to take the results from statistical analysis carried out using SAS models and Excel, and interpret them into a clear, concise and comprehensive written report. The final document should be in Word format. The ideal candidate should have a strong data analysis background and experience with SAS models. Additionally, exceptional writing skills and the ability to distill complex statistical information into an easily understandable format will be pivotal for this project.
I will prepare and ATS complaint resume, cover letter and optimise the linkedin profile. I will also make changes if needed.
...are original and not based on pre-existing templates. We are looking for 10 dedicated freelancers to assist us in posting comments on various YouTube and social media platforms related to weight loss products. These platforms should have significant search volumes and engagement on topics surrounding weight loss and dietary supplements. Project Details: Task: Each freelancer will be required to post 10 comments on different YouTube videos and social media posts related to weight loss products. Content of Comments: The comments should detail personal experiences or testimonials about using a specific diet product that has helped either the freelancer or their family members in achieving weight loss goals. Content Guidelines: Comments should be genuine, engaging, and re...
...document them in a spreadsheet. The ideal candidate should have strong writing skills, proficiency with AI tools, and experience in creating engaging content. Responsibilities: Transcribe long-form YouTube videos into text using AI tools. Edit and proofread the transcriptions to correct misspellings and other errors. Rewrite the transcribed notes into comprehensive, engaging blog posts. Generate relevant images using AI tools, add appropriate captions, and incorporate them into the blog posts. Publish the blog posts on our WordPress-based blog, ensuring they are well-formatted and visually appealing. Create short-form tweets based on each blog post and compile them in a spreadsheet. Ensure content is published weekly and adheres to the schedule. Requirement...
I am seeking a skilled copywriter who can help me craft engaging and informative educational articles. The main goal of this project is to educate and inform students about a spe...language should be clear, engaging, and easy to understand. - While the primary focus is on education, an element of creativity is also appreciated to enhance student engagement. - Previous experience in writing educational content or articles is a plus. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in copywriting, especially educational content. - Understanding of the education sector, particularly from a student's perspective. - Ability to simplify complex topics. - Creativity and engaging writing style. If you have the skills and experience necessary for this project, pl...
...hydroponics farm in Algeria, and I require a professional business plan that will serve as a roadmap for the strategic development of the project. Key Requirements: - **Hydroponics Farming Experience**: The ideal freelancer should have a proven track record in hydroponics farming. Previous experience in the field is essential to understand the nuances and specific requirements of the industry. - **Strategic Planning Expertise**: The primary objective of the business plan is strategic planning and development. Therefore, the freelancer should have a deep understanding of business strategy and should be able to translate it into a detailed and actionable plan. - **Regulatory Writing Skills**: As the plan is intended for government or regulatory bodies, it sho...
I'm in need of a part-time creative arts freelancer who specializes in photography and writing. Key Responsibilities: - Create engaging and high-quality written content - Produce and edit professional-grade photographs - Adhere to project deadlines and requirements Ideal skills/experience: - Strong writing and photography portfolio - Proficiency in relevant software tools (e.g. Adobe Creative Suite) - Ability to understand and interpret creative briefs - Strong time management skills and ability to work independently Please provide samples of your work when applying for this opportunity.
...interest in writing for us. IMPORTANT: Human writing only - No AI or Rewriting - (we check) AGAIN BECAUSE THERE ARE SO MANY CHEATERS: NO AI - NO UNDETECTABLE AI AS WE STILL SEE - DON'T WASTE YOUR OR OUR TIME IF YOU DON'T WRITE MANUALLY !!! What we offer: *Writing work at the entry rate of $20/1000 words with room for growth. This translates to ~$400-$450/month on 1k words/day ~$800-$900/month on 2k words/day ~$1200-$1350/month on 3k words/day ~$1600-$1800/month on 4k words/day *Flexibility: No Skyping, no phone calls, accept projects when you have the time to complete them, take time off when you need (letting us know in advance is good practice). *Easy to work with: We reply to questions fast, will provide valuable input and feedback...
I'm urgently looking for an experienced legal writer who can effectively develop comprehensive research papers tailored towards legal professionals. The primary areas of focus for this project involve family law, corporate law, as well as Intellectual property law. IDEAL CANDIDATE: *Robust understanding and expertise in the above-mentioned legal areas *Proven record in writing legal academic papers *Ability to conduct thorough and extensive legal research *Flair for constructing engaging content for legal professionals As the ideal candidate, you will need to produce high-quality, well-researched and legally tenable content that is not only enlightening but also equips the readers with substantial knowledge on the subject.
1. High quality content about dating and relationship. (Do research before writing.) 2. Creativity is a must. ( We don't like cliche. If you have many creative thoughts about dating, we LOVE it!) 3. Basic SEO skills. (We are strict with keywords and you should follow the instructions.) 4. Standard English ( 0 mistake.) 5. Responsibility. (On time.) 6. Passion for writing. The readers can feel your passion when they read the articles you wrote. We only hire writers who LOVE writing. 7. Good attitude.
I'm in need of a professional who can help me complete a project that involves writing 3 comprehensive health-related articles. Each article should be 3000 words long. Key Requirements: - **Topic:** The articles should focus on sports - **Methodology:** The methods section in each article must be detailed with a critical analysis and comparative insights. - **Content Focus:** The articles should predominantly focus on recent studies, preferably those published in the last 5 years. Ideal Freelancer: - Proficient in health writing. - Capable of conducting in-depth research. - Experienced in critical analysis and comparison of studies. - Skilled in crafting engaging, informative articles. - Able to deliver h...
I'm looking for an experienced Amazon product listing specialist to help me with creating a listing for a unique electro...description. - Understanding of SEO and PPC: The specialist must have an understanding of SEO and PPC, and be able to create the listing in a way that maximizes visibility and conversion rates. - Focus on Unique Features and Benefits: The product description will need to highlight the unique features of the product, as well as its benefits and use cases. The ideal freelancer for this job would have: - Proven experience in creating successful product listings on Amazon. - Strong SEO and PPC knowledge. - A keen eye for detail and a creative flair for writing. - Familiarity with electronics products would be a plus. Kindly share examples of yo...
I'm in need of a professional who can create a comprehensive business plan, focused on the educational industry. Key Responsibilities: - Develop a detailed business plan tailored for an educational product/service. - Incorporate market research, competitor analysis, and financial projections. - Highlight the unique selling points and value proposition of the educational product/service. Ideal Skills: - Proven experience in business plan writing, particularly for the educational sector. - Strong understanding of market research methods and financial analysis. - Excellent communication skills to effectively present complex information. - Knowledge of investor perspectives and their expectations in the educational sector. Your work will be crucial in...
I need expert guidance in writing unit tests for my AngularJS project. This will primarily involve testing services and components to ensure high-quality code.
...Presentation Design Expertise: Proven ability to create compelling and visually appealing presentations using PowerPoint or similar software. Content Writing & Editing Skills: A strong command of written English with the ability to rewrite, summarize, and expand content for clarity and impact within the BRM awareness context. Storytelling & Information Architecture: Experience in structuring presentations for a clear and logical flow of information. Understanding of BRM Principles: Familiarity with Benefits Realization Management concepts and their value to an organization is a plus. - Your expertise in: - Presentation Design - Content Writing & Editing - Storytelling & Information Architecture - Understanding Benefits Realization Man...
I'm in need of a skilled wordsmith for a technology-focused blog. Your task will be to generate informative and moderately technical blogs that appeal to our informed readers. Ideal Skills: • Exceptional writing and editing skills • Deep understanding of technology topics • Proven experience in writing moderately technical content and latest technology trends • A knack for simplifying complex tech concepts If you can transform tech jargon into engaging blog posts that our readers will understand and enjoy, you could be the freelancer I'm looking for.
I'm looking for a skilled creative writer with a passion for science fiction, specifically in the realm of space exploration and colonization. The project revolves around future space travel, focusing on life on space colonies and interstellar exploration. Key Elements: - The ideal candidate will have a flair for imaginative storytelling, able to craft engaging narratives that blend scientific accuracy with captivating fiction. - The final piece should consist of a short story between 1,000 - 5,000 words, that encapsulates the challenges and wonders of life on space colonies and the possibilities of interstellar travel. - Experience in space-themed creative writing is a major plus, as is a portfolio that showcases similar work. This project is a great opportun...
I am in need of a skilled SEO expert who can help me boost the organic traffic and overall search engine rankings of my WordPress website. The primary aim is to reach and engage an international audience effectively. Key Tasks: - Implement Off-page SEO strategies: The ideal candidate will be well-versed in building high-quality and relevant backlinks to improve the site's credibility and visibility. - Technical SEO Optimization: A complete understanding of site structure, mobile optimization best practices is essential for this project. Content Writing: - Article writing and content creation: The freelancer should be able to write SEO optimized articles and content for my site. Ideal Candidate: - Proven experience in SEO for WordPress web...
I'm in need of an experienced content writer who can breathe life into my website. My goal is to inform the general public about my services and offerings, so the content should be clear, engaging, and most importantly, informative. - Key Deliverable: Website copies that speaks directly to the general public and is tailor-suited to their needs and preferences. - Ideal Skills: Exceptional writing abilities, strong research skills, vast vocabulary, understanding of best practices for writing for the web, and experience writing content for a general audience. - Key Goal: The main goal, above all, is to create content that informs the public about various aspects of the website. Looking forward to brilliant applicants who can elevate my platform with the...
I am in need of a skillful and experienced writer to create a detailed report focused on analyzing data trends from a statistics chart I will provide. Your report should: - Emphasize on providing context for the data - Combine your analytical skills to understand the underlying patterns or trends - Present findings in a clear and easy-to-understand manner, aimed at an intermediate level readership Ideal freelancers should have a background in report writing and data analysis, to effectively interpret and communicate the data’s implications. Keep in mind the goal is to enable better understanding for those reading the report.
I'm in need of a skilled writer with a keen interest and understanding of the travel industry to write engaging and entertaining articles and magazine content. The main focus of these pieces will be to cater for a young adult audience, typically between the ages of 18 and 30. Key Requirements: - Previous experience in writing for a young adult audience - A creative flair for producing engaging content - A passion for the travel industry - The ability to write in an entertaining and engaging style while still providing valuable information The ideal candidate should be able to deliver high-quality articles that are not only informative, but also captivating and entertaining. The primary goal is to create content that resonates with young adults and encou...
...links in a chronological order. This will allow me to easily navigate through the latest content available on Bloomberg News. Key Features: - Automatically skimming and listing most of the Bloomberg News articles - Displaying article headlines with links in a chronological order Technical Requirements: - Development for the Windows platform - A user-friendly desktop application interface - Ability for the user to manually request updates for the article list Ideal Skills & Experience: - Proficiency in Windows desktop application development - Web scraping experience - Strong understanding of data presentation and organization - Familiarity with Bloomberg News and potentially other news scraping projects - Ability to create a user-friendly and ...
I'm looking for an experienced writer to help me craft an inspirational news article about a personal achievement of mine. The article is intended for a Indian news paper Ideal candidate for this project: - Proficient in crafting engaging news articles or a press release - Experienced in conveying personal achievements in an inspirational tone - Familiar with the structure and style of a newspaper article or a news
...to acquire a 1.02% stake in an SPV. Despite the overall sale price appreciation over five years, I'm facing a loss upon exit, contrary to expected gains. I'm seeking a forensic audit service to conduct a thorough analysis of this matter. I will provide my observations along with the Audit report and Bank statements. Before bidding, please ensure you have experience in conducting forensic audit investigations and the ability to observe irregularities (which will enable me to engage in a more informed dialogue with the SPV team). Key responsibilities: - Focus is primarily on the review of financial statements - Identify any signs of financial fraud - Deliver a comprehensive report of your findings Ideal candidates for this project should have: - Proven ex...
I'm in the need of a writer who can help me create engaging and informative blog articles. The ideal candidate for this project will have a flair for writing that's both informative and educational, yet captivating enough to hold the interest of a general audience. Key Responsibilities: - Crafting blog posts that employ an informative and educational tone - Ensuring the content is engaging and accessible to a general audience - Carrying out thorough research on the topics provided to ensure accuracy and depth Ideal Skills and Experience: - Demonstrable experience in writing engaging and informative blog articles - Strong understanding of how to write for a general audience - Ability to conduct thorough research on a variety of topics - Experience wit...
I'm looking for a skilled translator to convert a less than 5-minute video from Tamil to English. The video is primarily entertainment-based. Key requirements: - Translate less than 5 minutes of Tamil video content to English - Provide the translation in a text document format such as .docx or .pdf Ideal skills and experience: - Proficient in both Tamil and English languages - Experience in video translation, particularly entertainment content, would be beneficial - Excellent writing skills in English to ensure the translated content is engaging and well-written Please provide a quote and estimated time frame for completion with your bid.
I'm in the need of a writer who can help me create engaging and informative blog articles. The ideal candidate for this project will have a flair for writing that's both informative and educational, yet captivating enough to hold the interest of a general audience. Key Responsibilities: - Crafting blog posts that employ an informative and educational tone - Ensuring the content is engaging and accessible to a general audience - Carrying out thorough research on the topics provided to ensure accuracy and depth Ideal Skills and Experience: - Demonstrable experience in writing engaging and informative blog articles - Strong understanding of how to write for a general audience - Ability to conduct thorough research on a variety of topics - Experience wit...
1. High quality content about dating and relationship. (Do research before writing.) 2. Creativity is a must. ( We don't like cliche. If you have many creative thoughts about dating, we LOVE it!) 3. Basic SEO skills. (We are strict with keywords and you should follow the instructions.) 4. Standard English ( 0 mistake.) 5. Responsibility. (On time.) 6. Passion for writing. The readers can feel your passion when they read the articles you wrote. We only hire writers who LOVE writing. 7. Good attitude.
I'm in the need of a writer who can help me create engaging and informative blog articles. The ideal candidate for this project will have a flair for writing that's both informative and educational, yet captivating enough to hold the interest of a general audience. Key Responsibilities: - Crafting blog posts that employ an informative and educational tone - Ensuring the content is engaging and accessible to a general audience - Carrying out thorough research on the topics provided to ensure accuracy and depth Ideal Skills and Experience: - Demonstrable experience in writing engaging and informative blog articles - Strong understanding of how to write for a general audience - Ability to conduct thorough research on a variety of topics - Experience wit...
I'm in the need of a writer who can help me create engaging and informative blog articles. The ideal candidate for this project will have a flair for writing that's both informative and educational, yet captivating enough to hold the interest of a general audience. Key Responsibilities: - Crafting blog posts that employ an informative and educational tone - Ensuring the content is engaging and accessible to a general audience - Carrying out thorough research on the topics provided to ensure accuracy and depth Ideal Skills and Experience: - Demonstrable experience in writing engaging and informative blog articles - Strong understanding of how to write for a general audience - Ability to conduct thorough research on a variety of topics - Experience wi...
I require a skilled Python programmer to craft a script that would allow me to login into my account on and download all the videos stored there. The details are...should also classify the downloaded videos into different folders on my PC, labeled according to the team name each video corresponds with. - The hired freelancer may have to study Veo's UI for this purpose. - I'd need this task completed ASAP. Ideal skills and experience: - Previous experience with Web Scraping and handling Video files - Extensive knowledge of Python with specific experience writing scripts - Understanding of Video download and organization, preferably with the Veo platform - Quick execution without compromising on efficiency and effectiveness. I can provide the user name and password once r...
As someone who appreciates visual appeal and detailed presentat...estate photos require expert enhancement. Around 10 to 50 images need a professional touch, specifically: - Color correction - Brightness and contrast adjustment Moreover, I'm seeking creative assistance in virtually staging these photos. I envision average staging, meaning each image should showcase a full set of furniture, providing a complete look while not appearing over-furnished or cluttered. The perfect candidate for this job has a keen eye for detail, a knack for color adjustment, an understanding of lighting, and experience in virtual staging. A portfolio showcasing similar jobs is a plus. If you have what it takes and are ready to transform my images into more eye-catchy and sale-boosti...
...proficient writer in the advertising and CTR field to assist me in writing the introduction and literature review. - **Purpose**: The primary goal is to help me establish a strong, coherent introduction and provide an overview of existing research related to the subject. - **Audience**: The intended audience for the proposal is academic peers. Hence, the content should be in-depth, professional, and aligned with academic standards. - **Literature Review**: I'm looking for a detailed but broad overview of existing research, setting the stage for my proposed study and justifying my hypotheses. It should be structured, engaging and highlighting key findings and methodologies. Ideal skills and experience for this project include: - Excellent writing...
...for high-level individuals who want to grow and achieve financial security in a winning culture. We have combined experince of over 15 years. We believe in fostering a supportive environment where our team members can thrive and succeed. We are looking for individuals with a great attitude and a coachable mindset to join our team, if you have a great attitude, Hard worker, and want an oppurtunity with the right systems for you to succeed , Tired of working jobs that have no structure all over the place ? If you meet the requirements below this could be the right place for you. Job Description: As a Real Estate Acquisitions Specialist, you will be responsible for running SMS or voicemail campaigns to homeowners in your assigned markets. Your daily role wil...
I'm in need of a skilled content writer and web developer to help me launch my e-commerce shop on Shopify. - The website is focused on selling Nail products. Therefore, I require engaging, SEO-optimized product descriptions and brand content to be written. - You'll be creating content from scratch, so a flair for creativity and a strong grasp of the English language is essential. - Beyond content creation, I also need assistance with loading it onto the Shopify platform. Experience with Shopify is a big plus. - Familiarity with e-commerce best practices, SEO, and the ability to write persuasively in a way that drives conversions is highly desirable. - A strong portfolio or samples of previous e-commerce content writing work is a great advantage. This is a...
I'm in need of a skilled freelancer to help me with an ongoing project. I'm currently working on a project, however, I need some extra hands to assist me in its completion. Unfortunately, I don't have a particular expertise in mind, so the position is open to professionals in a wide variety of fields. Responsibilities: - Assist with the development of the project - Provide support on multiple project tasks Ideal skills and expertise may include, but are not limited to: - Programming - Design - Writing The main objective of this collaboration is to enhance the overall quality and timeliness of the project. The successful candidate should be a team player, able to work independently, and possess great attention to detail.
...a professional content creator skilled in human development to provide me with 30 video scripts and ideas for my business centered on getting rid of old block how nervous system control you, personal growth, overcoming fears, and building self-confidence. Each script should be educational and informative, while maintaining a concise length of 1-3 minutes. Key Requirements: - A solid understanding of human development, personal growth, and related topics - Proven experience in creating concise and engaging video scripts - Ability to convey complex information in an easy-to-understand manner - Strong writing skills with a focus on educational content - Previous experience with similar projects is highly preferred Your work will play a crucial role in ...
