Need a 2d animator jobs

I'm looking for a skilled animator who can create a series of engaging 3D animated videos showcasing the bright future of technological advancements in the Middle East. Key Aspects: - Focus: These videos will delve into the technological developments that are set to transform the region over the next two decades. - Style: The 3D animation should be captivating and futuristic, helping to bring the concepts and visions to life. Audience: - The videos are intended for the general public, so they should be easy to understand and appealing to a wide range of viewers. Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in 3D animation. - Experience with creating videos on technological advancements or futuristic concepts. - Ability to convey complex ideas in a simple, engag...

I need 8 diagrams for a website, used to explain some of our strategy tools to potential customers. I have put these together in PPT so all the content is there ready to use. Key Details: - The diagrams should have a modern and minimalistic style. I want them to be simple yet effective in communicating what can be complex processes. - I've provided color schemes to be incorporated into the diagrams. These color schemes are part of our brand guidelines, so it's important that they are adhered to. - I've provided reference images we'll use in the website, so the color palette needs to match these - blue, grey and black. See: - I don't want the diagrams to

We're looking for a skilled 3D animator to create a captivating commercial specifically directed towards professional users in the industrial/construction sector Key Requirements: • Create a captivating 3D product commercial for headset products • Emphasize the unique features of our product Ideal Candidate: • Proven experience in producing successful 3D videos • Should have a keen understanding of marketing strategy for the specified age group • Can showcase relevant product videos done by the candidate him-/herself. Ultimately, your task will be to create a visually stunning 3D video commercial that highlights the unique features of our product, making it irresistible for our target demographic. Your portfolio ...

We're looking for a skilled 3D animator to create a captivating commercial specifically directed towards professional users in the industrial/construction sector Key Requirements: • Create a captivating 3D product commercial for headset products • Emphasize the unique features of our product Ideal Candidate: • Proven experience in producing successful 3D videos • Should have a keen understanding of marketing strategy for the specified age group • Can showcase relevant product videos done by the candidate him-/herself. Ultimately, your task will be to create a visually stunning 3D video commercial that highlights the unique features of our product, making it irresistible for our target demographic. Your portfolio ...

I'm looking for an experienced ANSYS Workbench user to perform simulation of interference fit between two steel pipes and develop in a 2D or 3D model. Details of the project are: - You will receive detailed dimensions of the pipes prior to press fit. - The outcome should include visual representation of contact pressure, aiming to match the theoretical contact pressure value of 73 MPa. Ideal candidate should consider the following factors in the simulation: - Young's modulus - Poisson's ratio - Friction coefficient Skills and Experience Required: - Proficiency in ANSYS Workbench - Understanding of material properties and coefficients - Strong skills in mechanical engineering - High attention to detail Your task will be to ensure the simulation resul...

I am seeking a skilled 2D animator for a simple, yet captivating Youtube video series - a set of 5 music-themed videos, each spanning 3-4 minutes. I'll be providing you with the music as well as a theme to base your animations on. Specifically, your contributions will involve: - Developing 2D animations that align with the theme of each song - Keeping the complexity to a minimum while ensuring the video is engaging - Incorporating subtitles and occasional on-screen texts in the videos Ideal candidates will have: - Proficiency in 2D animation, particularly for music-themed videos - An understanding of how to integrate subtitles and texts into videos - Strong ability to adhere to simplicity while captivating viewers Th...

I am seeking a game artist with knowledge and experience in 2D tile design to work on my upcoming game. The selected artist will work closely with me to create a captivating, modern cityscape and a unique robot character. The assets will be used in a game to teach kids (ages 6-12) how to code. The robot character doesn't need a lot of actions (moving in different directions, picking up an object, putting down an object, and that's it) but might need to have a few expressions included (happy/sad/...) to represent progress in the game. Key Responsibilities: - Creating tile sets required to build the city and its outskirts, ranging from roads, buildings, lampposts to parks (reference art: Kenney city sets) - Designing ...

I'm looking for a talented CAD designer who can create a basic outline of the front and a plan of my house in 2D CAD. It's for my personal project. I have included the elevation and plan. It is in Feet. I need it in Metres.

I am looking for an experienced 3D animator to bring my company logo to life. Desired Expertise: - Proficient in 3D animation - Expert in incorporating an existing color scheme into an animation Details: - The animation should adhere to the company's existing color scheme. - The animation should exude a sense of professionalism and reliability, reflecting the company's brand identity. - Our company is specialized in Car Shipping - In the animation we would like to add the idea that we are specialized in this industry This project will require a creative approach and meticulous attention to detail. Your portfolio should demonstrate previous work which closely matches this brief. Please include examples of 3D logo animations you have previously done.

I'm in need of a 3d animator for my game project RPGish. i can provide models, and i'll provide examples on what i need made, but a basic example of it's implementation is linked below. needs to be able to take instructions well, as i have a distinct vision, and i don't have a very high budget, so the cheaper the price, the better. thank you

Some modifications in 2D autocad of a office

We need a talented 3D animator to develop a comprehensive medical animation focusing on pelvic floor surgery. This educational resource is geared towards professional healthcare providers. Key Project Requirements: - Artistic rendering of surgical anatomy - Detailed presentation of pelvic floor surgery procedures - Clarity and accuracy in portraying complex medical processes Ideal Candidate Skills: - Proficiency in medical animation - Experience in creating anatomy-based 3D animations, particularly pelvic structures - Understanding medical terminology and surgical procedures - Ability to convey intricate medical concepts in an easily digestible format As this project is designed for educational purposes within a professional context, it is crucial tha...

I'm on the hunt for a skilled mobile game developer to help me bring my idea to life. Specifically, the project is similar to 'Stop' or 'Trivia Pursuit' and intended for an adult target audience. Key Requirements: - Proficient in programming mobile games - Expertise in creating time-based challenges - Proven track record in crafting visually engaging 2D graphics Let's connect, and I'll share my game idea further. Excited to meet a passionate developer who can translate my vision into an enjoyable and engaging mobile game experience.

I'm looking for a talented individual to create 2D rendered sections of interior designs. The preferred aesthetic aligns with both Islamic and modern styles. The scope of work includes: - Designing floor plans - Generating rendered 2d sections The ideal freelancer would have experience with 2d section visualization, a keen eye for modern Islamic architecture, and proficiency in 2D rendering software such as photoshop and autocad. You should possess a deep understanding of spatial design and have good aesthetic judgement. Showcase your past works related to Islamic and/or modern style architecture to increase your chances of winning this project.

I need a 2D animator who can create a logo and a 2D animated logo. I'm looking for a sleek, professional design that conveys a specific look that can be seen with the attached files. Key requirements: - 2D Animation: The logo should be brought to life with smooth, engaging 2D animation. - Professionalism: The primary message of the animation should be professionalism. It needs to convey a sense of trustworthiness and competence. - Social Media Usage: The logo will primarily be used on social media, Youtube, Instagram, TikTok, Facebook and my website; so the animation should be optimized for these platforms. Ideal skills: - Proficiency in creating logos and in 2D animation and motion graphics...

I'm in need of a skilled vvvv artist to create captivating 2D animations and interactive graphics for a live performance. This project would specifically involve: - Animating 2D visuals that complement the artistic style and mood of the performance, I will provide the basic sketches. - Implementing reactive elements that are animated to the music - Ensuring that all visuals are in sync with the beat and rhythm of the music, enhancing the overall impact of the show Experience in vvvv is a must for this project, as well as a deep understanding of how to create visuals that are not only visually stunning but also work well in a live setting. Attention to detail and strong communication skills are also highly valued as we'll ...

I need a secure 2D payment gateway developed to process credit card and bank transfers. This project is intended to provide a payment solution for small businesses. To ensure the highest level of security and to uphold trust with our customer base, it is vital that the payment gateway is compliant with PCI-DSS Level 3. Expertise in secure payment gateway development, a strong understanding of PCI-DSS Level 3 compliance, and experience with credit card and bank transfer integrations is essential for this job without the need of OTP verification as majority of clients are abandoning the payment due to OTP requirements.

I'm chasing an animator well-practiced in Blender3D to build a brief, 20-second 3D animation. 1. The timestamped narration script and the audio for narration in the animation are attached. 2. Animation and general sounds or noises like grunts / roars etc. can be sourced from the internet. Please use your discretion. The sillier the better. 3. In case generic music is referenced (eg. Rave music or crowd noise), feel free to use your discretion. 4. In case of any doubts, please feel free to ping us. We want to work closely with the animators and guide with details wherever needed. 5. You can use any two pre-made animal models for this video (you don't need to create new characters, use any existing you've worked with before). 6. Audio / Narration can be...

Namaste Looking for a talented freelance video editor to collaborate on an exciting project centered around the renowned Tata Group in India. This ongoing opportunity entails creating engaging and informative 6-8 minute videos, incorporating provided content and audio while adding dynamic 2D animations and curated video clips from sources like YouTube to enrich the storytelling experience. The ideal candidate should have a keen eye for detail, proficient skills in video editing software, and a creative flair for seamlessly integrating visuals with narration. Previous experience in crafting educational or documentary-style content would be advantageous. Each video will delve into different aspects of Tata Group's multifaceted journey, echoing the informat...

I require a 3D animator to create a visualizer for a song. The focus of this visualizer must be a lifelike depiction of a rose growing within a glass, particularly highlighting the blooming stage. Key requirements include: - Must use realistic animation style: The rose's growth must appear natural and realistic, rather than abstract or cartoonish. - Serene background: The visualizer must have a slow-moving, peaceful background. Possibilities include clouds, birds, etc. The atmosphere must be serene and relaxing. - Emphasize rose's blooming stage: The blooming stage of the rose should be the highlight of this visualizer. Ideal freelancer will have experience in 3D realistic animation and have a portfolio of serene an...

I'm in need of a talented and creative animator to create an educational cartoon video for football players. This video has to be engaging and informative, as it will be used to educate players on the figure of the sport educator. Ideal Skills: - Experience in creating educational cartoons - Understanding of football or sports education - Ability to translate complex ideas into visually-engaging content - Excellent storytelling skills Responsibilities: - Designing and creating a captivating cartoon video - Incorporating educational components about the sport educator role in football - Ensuring content is appropriate and appealing for football players Expectations: - High-quality animation - Clear and concise instructional design - Engaging visuals and...

I'm looking for a talented animator to bring my wellness video to life through captivating 3D visuals and will preferably have worked on previous wellness or health-related animation projects. I am open to suggestions, and I am particularly interested in creativity and originality in the design of characters and the animation's overall theme. The goal of this project is to foster a sense of excitement, hope, and wellness among viewers, and your creativity will be vital in achieving this. Looking forward to your proposals!

I'm looking for a skilled animator who can create a video demonstrating an industrial process. Your task to to make Tyre making process and while making of tyre operator make mistake which cause accident of vehicle due to tyre failure will be to capture the main steps of the process in medium detail, making it easy to understand but without going into every minor detail. The successful freelancer should possess a strong ability to visualize complex processes with clarity and coherence. Previous experience with industrial, mechanical or process-based animations would be highly beneficial to successfully meet the project requirements.

I'm seeking an experienced animator to create a 3D animation of Squirtle, from Pokemon, playing the song from the viral 'Epic Sax Guy' video. This animation is meant for the general public who enjoy a blend of hilarious internet memes with nostalgic and popular characters. Ideal skills and experience: - Proficiency in 3D animation, preferably with experience in character animation. - Knowledge or experience with Pokemon characters, especially Squirtle. - Ability to incorporate music into animation for a truly engaging experience. - Proven portfolio of completed and appealing 3D animation projects. This is a whimsical, entertaining, and fun project that should excite 3D animators who enjoy working with beloved characters and internet pheno...

I'm seeking an expert animator to help me create a compelling animation targeted at an adult audience. I have chosen 2D animation style for its ability to deliver complex messages in a relatable and engaging way. Here's what I need: - Assistance in crafting a compelling storyline that will hold complete appeal to the adult audience. - Expertise in 2D animation to bring this developed storyline to life. Ideal candidates should have the following skills and experience: - Proven experience in 2D animation. - Strong creativity and storytelling abilities to effectively engage an adult audience. - Excellent communication skills to accurately interpret my ideas and concepts. If you can compellingly express complex thoughts ...

I'm seeking an animator experienced in creating engaging, cartoonish 2D animations. The ultimate goal is to create a fun, captivating animated material that effectively markets my crypto meme coin. Key Aspects: - Community Culture: Utilize animations to highlight the community and enjoyable content surrounding my coin. - Coin Utility: Showcase the utility and practicality of the coin in everyday use through engaging animation. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in creating cartoonish animation - Strong grasp of digital marketing strategies - Understanding of cryptocurrency, specifically meme coins The perfect candidate will be someone who can create entertaining animations that capture viewers' attention while subtly presenting the ...

I'm seeking a talented interior designer to transform my 100-200 sqm duplex apartment into a modern, vibrant living space. Your task will be to blend modern design elements with bold and vibrant colors. Key requirements and responsibilities include: - Designing and planning the layout of the duplex apartment. - Selecting and recommending furniture, fixtures, and other elements that align with the modern style and bold color scheme. - Suggesting creative solutions for maximizing space and enhancing the overall aesthetic appeal. Ideal candidates will have: - Proven experience in interior design, particularly in modern and bold-colored interiors. - An eye for detail and a strong understanding of color theory and design principles. - Excellent communication skil...

I'm in need of an experienced 3D animator to bring my vision to life. The project is a children's cartoon, so it needs to be engaging, colorful, and suitable for a young audience. Key responsibilities include: - Creating a captivating story and characters that resonate with kids - Producing high-quality 3D animation scenes - Ensuring the overall content is child-friendly Ideal candidates should have: - A strong portfolio of 3D animation - Previous experience in creating children's entertainment content - Excellent storytelling abilities - Proficiency in relevant software for 3D animation I'm looking forward to working with a professional who can translate my vision into a visually stunning and entertaining anim...

I need a proficient SolidWorks designer to distinctively translate my 2D CAD drawing into a Solid 3D model. This model is primed for manufacturing purposes. Therefore, accuracy and adherence to provided specifications are key. • Skills & Experience: - Expert in SolidWorks software and solid modeling. Familiar with manufacturing processes. Previous experience dealing with manufacturing-oriented models is a significant advantage. Please note: I've already selected a material for manufacturing, so no suggestions are needed in that regard. Your task would revolve solely around 3D modeling. Let's create a model that facilitates effective manufacturing! Your expertise is appreciated.

1. **"I WILL SHARE 2D FLOOR PLAN OF MY CLIENT"**: This means that the client will provide a two-dimensional floor plan of the space that needs to be designed. A 2D floor plan typically includes measurements and layout details of the room, including walls, doors, windows, and other architectural features. 2. **"THEN YOU NEED TO DESIGN IT"**: After receiving the 2D floor plan, the designer (in this case, you) will be responsible for designing the space. This involves arranging furniture, selecting wall materials, deciding on color schemes, and any other design elements necessary to create a cohesive and functional interior. 3. **"WITH AVAILABLE RESOURCES THAT I HAVE IN MY FURNITURE SHOP"**: The design should inc...

I am seeking a creative and skilled animator to create a 90-120 second whiteboard explainer video that is fun, engaging, and effectively explains the rules of a proprietary game. Ideal Skills: - Extensive experience producing Explainer Videos - Creativity in animation style ranging from Cartoon, hand-drawn to minimalist - Expertise in selecting color schemes. I'm open to an artist's individual style whether it be monochrome, vibrant, or pastel colors depending on how well it complements your artistic vision for the project. The script will be approximately 300 words. It is important that the video appeals to parents as well as their children aged between 6-14. I look forward to seeing your pitch and hearing your preferred artistic style. Experience...

I need created 50 animation for unreal engine.

I'm seeking an intermediate Vectorworks user to assist with a series of 2D drawing exercises. The instructions are in written form and involve the creation of floor plans and sections. Your role will be to ensure that the final files comply with the specified tools and commands for each exercise, with a special focus on attention to detail. Key Requirements: - Proficiency in creating 2D drawings in Vectorworks - Experience with layer and class management - Ability to customize line types and hatches - Attention to detail is crucial Ideal Candidate: - Experienced in Vectorworks, specifically in creating 2D drawings - Familiar with floor plans and section drawings - Able to follow written instructions accurately - Has a keen eye for detail - ...

I'm looking for a game development professional to assist with compiling and deploying my android puzzle game to the app store. Requirements: - The game theme is puzzle, and I expect a 2D cartoon-style graphics quality, with engaging visual elements that align with the genre. - The game should incorporate in-app purchases to enhance player engagement. This feature should be seamlessly integrated and user-friendly. Your role: - Compile the game for android - Implement in-app purchases effectively - Ensure the game meets the necessary quality standards for the app store Ideal Skills: - Proven experience in android game development and deployment - Familiarity with puzzle game mechanics and design - Strong understanding of in-app purchases and how to optimize play...

...it to both chase and attack the player. Key Points: - The game is in 2D, so experience with Godot's 2D engine is essential. - This project involves integrating a machine learning plugin into a game. - The AI of the slime entity should be at a basic level, with simple and predictable patterns, and should not be too complex. Ideal Freelancer: - Proficient in Godot engine, with experience in 2D game development. - Skilled in machine learning, particularly with reinforcement learning algorithms such as DQN and Actor Critic. - Understanding of game AI, and able to implement AI at a basic level. - Good communication skills is a plus, as I would like to understand the process and logic behind the AI's implementation. Upon ...

I'm seeking a highly skilled and experienced graphic designer who can create elegant 2D motion graphics for my website, similar to the style of the websites I've provided as examples. Key Requirements: - The animations will primarily be used for website motion graphics. - The style needs to be elegant. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in 2D animation. - Strong understanding of motion graphics principles. - Experience in creating elegant, sophisticated designs. - Previous work on website animations is a plus. Please provide a portfolio of your work that showcases your 2D animation and motion graphics skills, particularly in an elegant style. Looking forward to seeing your creativity!

I'm in need of a skilled CAD designer who can create a detailed 3D model for CNC machining from the attached 2D picture. Requirements: - Convert attached picture to an embossed 3D model, the 3D model should be tailored for CNC machining - Proficient in CAD software for complex 3D modeling - Understanding of the constraints and requirements specific to metal CNC machining -Create embossed model to fit on 1.5" diameter coin -Optional: Backside should read "Dr. Daley" Experiences and Skills: - Proven experience in creating 3D models for CNC machining - A strong portfolio of metal CNC design projects - In-depth knowledge of different materials and their CNC machining characteristics The ideal freelancer for this project should be able t...

I am looking for a comprehensive Autocad guide for beginners. The guide should focus on Autocad 2023 and be delivered in a written document format. The guide need to be focused on drawings from building services/installations designs in constructions (HVAC & Plumbing area) With the following necessary instructions: - it need to treat primary 2D and in 2 chapters 3D modelling - It need to have table of contents - 14 chapters - image/text ratio maximum 35/75 - Each chapter will have to have 2 exercises to solve at the end, including the solutions, separately, for them - formated on A5 - gramitacally and tehnically correct text - verified in Turnitin, max 10% plagiarism. - images must be color. - minimum 100 pages Key Focus Areas: - Basics of A...

I require a skilled animator with proficient knowledge and experience in traditional 2D animation to create engaging characters. The characters are based on real life person whose images i will share on chat. The animation should have a humorous undertone for viewers to be entertained throughout the visual journey. I have a script. Animation should not e more than 20 sec long Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in developing traditional 2D animations - Artistic ability to design distinctive, engaging characters - Demonstrated talent for creating humor in animations - Ability to capture and retain viewer attention Your role: - Design lively characters that support the humorous tone - Create a traditional 2D animation with smoot...

Copper pipe cutter Project Requirments: 1- Modeling and Creating the 3D components 2-3D Assembly 3- Assembly 2D Drawing with sectional view 4-Rendering Quality 5- Animation 6- Final report This link has the whole assembly, parts and render: We would like you to redo these same parts and assembly but in english. The following attachment will provide the drawing for the copper pipe cutter

...it to both chase and attack the player. Key Points: - The game is in 2D, so experience with Godot's 2D engine is essential. - This project involves integrating a machine learning plugin into a game. - The AI of the slime entity should be at a basic level, with simple and predictable patterns, and should not be too complex. Ideal Freelancer: - Proficient in Godot engine, with experience in 2D game development. - Skilled in machine learning, particularly with reinforcement learning algorithms such as DQN and Actor Critic. - Understanding of game AI, and able to implement AI at a basic level. - Good communication skills is a plus, as I would like to understand the process and logic behind the AI's implementation. Upon ...

I'm in need of a highly creative 2D animator to help me create a series of simple and minimalistic animations for a deck of Somatic Healing Digital Printable Cards. Key Requirements: - 2D Animation: The animations should be in a 2D style to suit the overall concept of the cards. - Minimalistic Detailing: The animations should be simple and minimalistic in nature, focusing on the key elements of the yoga and somatic poses. - Minimal Background Elements: While some background elements can be included to enhance the aesthetic, the main focus should be on the poses themselves. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Prior experience in creating 2D animations, particularly in a simple and minimalistic style. - A s...

I'm looking for a talented animator who can bring my song and lyrics "Computers In My Head" to life through a 3D video or similar! I did a 20 year old video for my song & lyrics when i was learning computer on Utube. This will give you an idea of what my vision is for my song "Computers In My Head" The primary message I am trying to convey, is a call to future generations, urging them to learn the old ways and use their brains for thinking! Be able to write with a pen! Arithmetic and communicate face to face with other humans incase...in the future , a rogue comet or something wipes out all the satellites in space so all technologie earth communications Key elements I'd like to see in the video include: -...

I'm in need of an experienced animator for a short 3D animation that will be shared on social media. Key Requirements: - 3D Animation: The animation must be created in 3D, as this style best fits our vision for the project. - Conciseness: The animation needs to be less than 1 minute in duration, so the ability to convey the message effectively in a brief format is crucial. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven Experience: I'm looking for someone with a strong portfolio of 3D animations, particularly those suitable for social media. - Creativity: The ability to bring fresh and engaging ideas to the project is highly desired. If you're an animator who excels in creating short, impactful 3D animations for social media purposes, ...

...designer to create a medium sized, 2-inch diameter, golden coin featuring a dragon. The dragon should be the primary element but should not completely fill the coin. The design should include: - Illustration of the dragon, proudly displayed as the main motif. - Additional elements of customized text and a decorative border. - other side of the coin which containing qr code and text Applicants should possess: - Strong background in coin or medal design, metalsmithing, or jewelry making. - Proficiency in 2D illustration tools. - Experience in sculpting or 3D design will be considered as a bonus. Ideal candidates will have previous experience illustrating mythical creatures and designing intricate borders, excelling in both conceptual and functional ...

I'm in need of an experienced iClone 3D animator to work on my promotional video. The primary task involves flattening News Anchor motions within the video. Key Requirements: - Please see my current video studio at youtube link "" You can see my video through above link ( Only link holders can view until now) - My video ( iProject data) was created by iClone 8.4.2505. Running time is about 4min 50sec. Language: Korea. ( Can supply English translation by text) - As you can see in Video, all of motions are rather simple anchor motion. Please see video first. Freelancer is required to have version compatible with iClone 8.4.2505. or, he shall have capability informing Data conversion process so that he can open my data. - Expertise in iClone: You s...

Looking for a skilled and creative 2D animator to bring my humorous vision to life. As such, the animation should carry a comedic theme. The animation's expected duration is more than 3 minutes. I am looking for someone who: - Has experience or is comfortable with comedy-genre animation - Can create high-quality 2D animations - Can work on a prolonged animation of over 3 minutes - Can bring originality and creativity to the project. Experience in working on big projects is a plus but not a requirement. However, portfolios demonstrating skills in 2d animation, especially in humor-themed undertakings, will be considered preferentially.

I'm seeking a skilled animator to create a 3D animated video for my product. This video will be a key tool for explaining the various features of my product to a professional audience. As such, it is essential that the animator is able to create a high-quality, engaging video that clearly demonstrates the product features. Key Points: - The video should be designed in a sleek, professional style that resonates with professional audiences. - The key focus of the video should be on explaining the product's features through visuals and animations. Ideal Freelancer: - Proven experience in 3D animation, ideally with a portfolio of previous work in a similar professional context. - Ability to create engaging, high...

I'm in need of a professional logo animator with experience in creating short animations for social media platforms. Key Deliverables: - A 5-second logo animation designed specifically for social media use. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in logo animation, particularly for social media - Ability to create captivating and engaging animations within a short time frame - Strong understanding of current social media design trends - Proficiency in relevant animation software Please note: The style of the animation (2D, 3D, motion graphics) is yet to be defined, so a versatile animator with experience in various styles would be a plus. Looking forward to seeing your portfolio and previous work in this ar...