It's a long way to learn developing a website. Because you will need to learn a lot. I can teach you if you want. But for this project I suppose we can just limit it to finish a prototype, maybe on a free hosting server. A long the way, you might ask anything you'd like.
For your requirements, you can use php-mysql. Maybe codeigniter or plain php coding will help. I myself prefer codeigniter, but if you want to learn from the fundamental, you can choose plain php coding.
For your graph, you can use jquery chart. For geographic map, you can use Google Map API. Since you don't mention any about the chart, my proposal is only for Google Map API.
For a very minimal budget, I propose this project is simply create, read, update, delete people information. I left user authentication, user management out of scope.
Let us discuss further.