Expert newspaper layout jobs

I'm seeking a proficient designer to create a door hanger for my business, upholding stellar creativity and professionalism. The design should be tailored to a unique 4.5x11 layout. The door hanger template I will be using to print these off have a perforated bottom (2' from the bottom) that can be ripped off. I think this would be a good place to have a discount and contact information. I am also attaching a QR code that links to my webite. I will be hanging this on peoples doors who we've recently done work beside/near in their neighborhood, so i thought maybe there could be a spot that says some like "look for our signs/ our work in the neighborhood to see the difference/why were the best/ the quality of our work/ etc... I have attached an image that has our ...

The task must be done via anydesk or teamviewer! i will not share the code because the issue to fix is minor must have knowledge about laravel vite .. i am having an issue with updating the background colour of my app and i am unable to do a proper build.

I'm looking for an experienced QA Automation Engineer for solving some issues we...an experienced QA Automation Engineer for solving some issues we have in a complex Jmeter script which we are using in our performance/load tests. This is a 1 week job at most and payment will be fixed at $500. Our JMeter script is not a simple one, so if you are not a real expert in JMeter please do not apply. You will fail to do the project. If you are an expert using JMeter for really complex projects, please apply by simply answering the below questions: 1- Tell us why you consider yourself a JMeter expert. 2- What were the most complex 2 projects that you did JMeter tests for and what made them complex. Please type "I can do it" at top of your reply so that I ...

...be responsible for setting up, growing, and managing the store. The pay is $2 per hour and you will receive 20% off gross profits from the store. Responsibilities: Product Selection: Utilize your expertise to choose products or categories that maximize profit. Your ability to identify and promote high-converting products is crucial. Store Design: Create a visually appealing and user-friendly layout for the store. A clean and minimalistic design is preferred to align with the aesthetic. Traffic Generation: Manage and optimize Search Engine Optimization (SEO) strategies to drive consistent and quality traffic to the store. Ideal Skills and Experience: Proven experience managing Amazon Affiliate Stores and driving growth. Strong understanding of SEO and its application in e-comme...

I'm seeking a proficient Laravel-Vue expert to join an existing project. Without specific details, I am assuming the need for: 1. User Authentication - Implement secure, robust user authentication. 2. Real-time Updates - Add real-time functionalities to ensure smooth, responsive interactions for end-users. 3. API Integration - Integrate multiple APIs for efficient data utilization. The project's nature remains unclear, whether it’s modifying existing features or creating new ones. Hence, applicants should be comfortable with both. Ideal Skills: - Proficient in Laravel and Vue.js - Experience in API integrations - Strong understanding of real-time update implementation - Sound knowledge of defensive programming and user authentication mechanisms Freelancers inter...

...and prior experience with the PremiumPress theme. The goal is to fine-tune the theme according to specific requirements. Here are the project details: Tasks: - Modify the layout of the theme, including rearranging elements on the page and redesigning the navigation menu. - Integrate new features into the theme. - Improve the functionality of existing features. Other Changes: - Adjust the display per row. - Customize the search page. - Make sorting alterations. - Make it mobile responsive. - Adding new payment processors Key Skills Required: - Advanced PremiumPress theme customization. - Experienced in UX/UI layout changes. - Strong PHP, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript knowledge. - Proven track record with WordPress theme modifications. If you have direct experience with P...

I'm looking for an expert with a strong PHP background to perform an extensive redesign of all pages of my existing website. The project involves: 1. Layout Redesign: The task requires a full redesign of both the homepage and content pages. This includes aspects of the navigation menu as well, ensuring a seamless browsing experience for visitors. 2. Content Modification: Some content sections need adjustments. Changes will range from removal, addition, or rearrangement. Details will be provided during the project's commencement. Ideal candidates should have strong UX/UI design skills, experience in PHP web development, and a keen eye for detail. Strong communication skills are essential, as I expect regular updates on project progression. Show me your previous re...

I'm seeking a talented graphic designer to create a professional logo for my business, Gorilla Concrete Co. Key Requirements: - The logo should demonstrate strength and durability - Preferred colour scheme is black and white - I have an image that we would like used for the Gorilla aspect. Ideal Skills: - Proven experience in logo and brand design - Understanding of visual elements (layout, type and fonts) Freelancers with a creative portfolio of relevant work samples are highly preferred. This project requires a good understanding of marketing and branding, ensuring the logo conveys our desired message effectively.

I'm in need of a talented 3D artist who can create a high level of detail 3D rendering of a 350 sq meter supermarket. Key Requirements: - The 3D rendering should be highly detailed, including specific brands or types of products in certain sections of the supermarket. - Before starting the 3D designs, a 2D layout must be planned but it should not be in details. Ideal skills and experience: - Proficiency in 3D modeling and rendering - Proven experience in creating detailed and realistic 3D environments - Ability to incorporate specific brands and products into the 3D design - Strong attention to detail and accuracy Please provide examples of your previous work in a similar field. Your portfolio will be a key factor in our decision-making process.

I'm looking for a skilled developer to tweak an existing resume builder software to cater to the needs of senior executives. Key details: - Customization of the sections and layouts ...resume builder software to cater to the needs of senior executives. Key details: - Customization of the sections and layouts is the primary focus of this project. - It should offer a variety of different, professional and innovative layout templates that are geared towards executive-level professionals. Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in resume builder software - Strong understanding of design and layout - Experience in catering to high-level professionals Please keep in mind the potential user of this software is a senior executive, so the design and layout need to reflect profes...

I'm looking for a seasoned Java developer who has experience working with XAMP. Your understanding of database systems is also crucial to this project's success. Please apply if you have the required expertise. No teams or companies please.

I'm looking to revamp my website to provide a better user experience and improve its overall performance. Key Changes: - **Design Update**: I want to change my website's color scheme and improve navigation. This might involve tweaking fonts, colors, and overall layout to create a more engaging and intuitive experience. - **Navigation Improvements**: I'm particularly interested in enhancing the mobile responsiveness and ensuring my bio is prominently displayed with a matching photograph. Ideal Freelancer: - Experienced web designer with a strong portfolio showcasing previous design and performance enhancements. - Proficiency in user experience and mobile responsiveness. - Familiarity with content management systems like WordPress is a plus.

ONLY RESPONSES THAT ADDRESS THE QUESTION AT the END WILL BE CONSIDERED? I need a knowledgeable Stratum v2 expert for assistance with the following tasks: - Mining Pool Configuration: Proper setup and configuration of the mining pool. - Mining Software Integration: Seamless integration of mining software into the current setup. - Protocol Optimization: Optimization of the Stratum v2 protocol to ensure peak mining performance. The specific programming languages used for the current implementation are unknown as the previous question was skipped. In terms of hardware, my setup currently includes Windows and GPU. Thus, the successful freelancer should have experience working with these specifications and will consider this in the implementation process. The ideal freelancer shoul...

Please answer with ‚I used meltano and I can help’ if your bid is not bot generated. I'm in need of a Meltano expert to guide me through the setup process and provide a comprehensive document of the steps outlined. Key Responsibilities: - Guiding through Installation and setup - Configuration and customization for specific needs - Being available for troubleshooting and bug fixing The ideal freelancer for this project should have: - Proven experience with Meltano - Excellent communication skills - Ability to provide clear, detailed documentation of the process

We're seeking a creative designer to craft eye-catching business boxes and gift cards inspired by art for our art gift shop. Your role is to conceptualize and design visually stunning packaging and cards that reflect our brand's identity and vision. Responsibilities: - Collaborate with our team to understand the brand's identity and objectives. - Design business boxes for corporate gifting and gift cards for various occasions. - Ensure designs align with the aesthetic and brand guidelines. - Incorporate innovative elements to set us apart. - Provide mock-ups and iterate based on feedback. - Liaise with printing vendors for production. - Stay updated on design trends.

Your task involves application of k-Means clustering in Orange data mining software with the aim to segment and profile the churners in Customer Churn file. By applying the k-Means clustering you need to explore how many types of churners exist and what characterizes those types. More specifically, this assignment consists of two tasks:  Task a (Segmentation): Establish how many types of churners there are and the size of those types. This involves dividing the churners into segments.  Task b (Profiling): Profile and appropriately name the identified types of churners based on the values of their shared characteristics, i.e. variables. Your submission ought to include: 1. Orange workflow1 containing the k-Means clustering analysis of segments and profiles. 2. Summary file (max. 600 word...

I'm in need of a skilled and experienced video editor to work on my social media content, to be shared on Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube. Key Requirements: - Create, edit and produce videos suitable for Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube - Craft content for different types of videos, specifically tutorial videos, vlogs, reels, and TikToks - Videos should be concise, engaging, and relevant to the platform they are intended for - Ability to maintain a consistent brand voice across all videos Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in creating engaging social media videos - Expertise in video editing software - Understanding of social media best practices - Familiarity with Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube's video format and style - Strong communication skills to understand an...

I'm in need of an expert in Excel, Access or similarly powerful programs to handle a large spreadsheet task. Although the specific tasks that need to be handled were not decided upon, proficient data organization skills are essential as we may need to restructure large data sets. The ideal freelancer for this job should: - Have expert skills and proficiency in Excel and Access. Knowledge of other data organization tools will be considered a plus. - Showcase notable experience, specifically in dealing with large data sets and complex spreadsheets. - Since the specific tasks to perform were not mentioned, a flexible approach and ability to adapt with regard to potential data analysis and data entry tasks will be greatly appreciated. With your application, please include...

I'm looking for an experienced developer who can create a salon and spa appointment booking app in Flutter and Firebase. This app needs to be compatible with both Android and iOS platforms. As a client, I don't have any specific design in mind for the app. Therefore, I would appreciate the freelancer to propose a creative and user-friendly design layout. Key Features: * The app should allow users to view available slots for appointments. * Users should have the ability to reschedule or cancel their appointments with ease. * The app needs to provide reminders for upcoming appointments. Freelancers applying for this project are expected to have profound knowledge and experience in Flutter, Firebase, Android, and iOS app development. Your portfolio showcasing similar proj...

I'm seeking a specialised CodeIgnitor and phpMyAdmin expert to enhance my betting website's backend. As part of a 5-hour daily commitment, the role involves: - Integrating a UPI payment gateway in the admin panel. I've chosen Google Pay as the preferred UPI platform. - Setting up data analytics and reporting, crucial for measuring and optimizing our betting system's performance. Prior experience with betting sites, UPI integrations and systems reporting is desirable. If you're a driven problem solver who enjoys developing sophisticated functionalities, I'd love to hear from you.

...kitchens that I have. Here's more about the tasks: - Customizing Pre-Existing Designs: I have a few draft designs in hand, but I need them tailored to my preferences. You will be working on adjusting layout, space planning and selecting furniture and appliances. - Unique Layout Planning: The goal is to create an efficient and functional exterior kitchen design based on a drawing I have. Expertise in understanding and interpreting drawings to Sketch Up designs is essential. - Diverse Expertise: An ideal candidate would not just be skilled with Sketch Up, but also hold an understanding of layout planning, furniture and appliance selection for exterior kitchen designs. Join me on this creative journey to craft engaging and attractive exterior kitchen bluepri...

I'm urgently seeking a skilled graphic designer to help expand my skill set. The project involves learning the basics of graphic design and I'm particularly interested in incorporating Java into my work. Key Requirements: - Proficiency in graphic design - Solid understanding of Java - Ability to provide clear, concise explanations for learning purposes The ideal freelancer for this project should have experience in both graphic design and Java. A background in teaching or tutoring could also be beneficial. I need someone who can effectively communicate complex technical information in a way that is easy to understand and apply. Please only apply if you can start immediately, as I'm looking to complete this project as soon as possible. I'm open to discussing the deta...

I'm looking for an skilled and expert SEO professional to enhance the search engine ranking of my new website. The primary aim is to increase web traffic. Though I have not specified any target European countries, the focus should be broad-scale across these regions. As part of the SEO strategy, writing ranking content will be significant. Skills and Experience: -Expertise in SEO strategies -Knowledge of European market trends -Stellar content writing skills The deadline for the project hasn't been specified yet so I am open to discussion about a timeline that works best for you. An understanding of how to generate leads and sales would also give you a leg up.

I urgently need a skilled Electronics Engineer who is proficient in working with Cadence Virtuoso. Your tasks will include: - Designing a simple circuit - Capturing the schematic of the circuit - Creating a PCB layout of the circuit - Writing a comprehensive report on the completed tasks Due to the urgency of this project, I would prefer someone who can get started as soon as possible. Ideal Skills: - Expertise in Electronics Engineering - Proficiency in circuit design - Solid experience with schematic capture - Strong skills in PCB layout - Experience in Cadence Virtuoso - Ability to write clear and comprehensive reports I look forward to receiving your bids and working with you on this project.

As a client, I am seeking a competent professional to help elevate my sales and marketing strategy. The primary goal of this project is to generate more sales and thereby increase my revenue. I aim to reach both consumers and businesses as my target audience. Key Responsibilities: - Devise a comprehensive direct sales strategy that drives both consumer and business sales - Implement this strategy to secure a substantial increase in sales - Making sure that we get a minimum 60 paid enrollments per week Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in direct sales and marketing, particularly in reaching both consumer and business audiences - Understanding of strategies that generate sales and increase revenue - Exceptional communication and negotiation skills - Ideally, a background in...

I have a CS-Cart Multi-Vendor site that experienced a severe breakdown following a failed upgrade. This has led to a range of issues from broken layout to persistent error messages. Additionally, after the failed upgrade, the database is out of sync. The site needs urgent attention to get it back on track. Your primary role on this project will be: - Debug and fix the bad upgrade: This includes addressing the broken layout, error messages, and the out-of-sync database issue. - Server Configuration & Security Audit: Given that I've made changes to the server configuration and security settings post the failed upgrade, it's crucial to assess these modifications and ensure they're functioning optimally and not contributing to the site's issues. - Optim...

I need an expert in SQL Server Report Builder 3.0 to help rejuvenate some lab reports. I require some amendments to be made to the current reports I have. Key Tasks: - Altering the way data is presented within the reports - Incorporating new fields to the current reports In the end, I need the same data results but with improved visibility and understanding. Ideal Skills: - Appropriate familiarity with SQL Server Report Builder 3.0 - Strong grasp of data visualization principles - Detail-oriented and precise to ensure report data remains accurate. Individuals that can deliver these changes precisely and quickly are highly preferred.

I'm in need of a stellar video editor well-versed in crafting promotional videos with a cinematic style. Your editing expertise will transform raw footage into a compelling, dynamic video with: - The effective integration of special effects to make the video visually striking - Skillful syncing of background music to enhance the mood and message of the video Ideal candidates should have significant background in video editing, particularly in producing promotional content. Impress me with your knack for cinematic aesthetics and ability to incorporate sound and visuals that captivate our target audience.

I need a Google Ads expert to set up and optimize Analytics 4 and AdWords campaigns for my online sales site. Key Requirements: - Proficiency in setting up and optimizing Google Analytics 4 and AdWords campaigns. - Proven track record in increasing website traffic and boosting online sales through successful campaign management. - Deep understanding of online consumer behavior and preferences for effective targeting. Please tailor your bid to reflect your relevant experience and expertise in these areas.

I'm in need of a seasoned designer to urgently modify the layout and add/remove elements of an existing design. Key Responsibilities: - Revamp of the existing design layout - Tactful addition and removal of design elements Ideal skills: - Proficiency in common design software - Excellent eye for layout modifications - Experience in promptly delivering high quality work Please note while the area for modifications isn't specified, expect a comprehensive review of the design. Freelancers having immediate availability for fast-turnaround will enjoy preference.

I am looking for a LinkedIn specialist who can help me with the following tasks: • Data research: You will need to research and find the best prospects for my business based on their profile, industry, location, and other criteria. You will need to use sales navigator and other tools to conduct effective data research. • Profile research: You will need to analyze and evaluate the profiles of the prospects you find and determine their level of interest, need, and fit for my business. You will need to use sales navigator and other tools to conduct thorough profile research. • Data filtering: You will need to filter and sort the data you collect based on the most relevant and important criteria. You will need to use sales navigator and other tools to perform accurate data...

I'm in need of a qualified architect who can help me with the Switching over of a restaurant/ Bar in Fort Myers, Florida. The restaurant will be a sizable establishment, We accommodate over 150 seats now Key Requirements: - Full-service restaurant design: I'm looking for someone who can create a comprehensive blueprint that includes kitchen layout, dining area, restrooms, and any other necessary spaces. - Experience with large-scale projects: Given the size of the establishment, experience in designing restaurants with over 100 seats is crucial. - Knowledge of the local market: Familiarity with the Fort Myers area and its commercial real estate regulations is a plus. The design aesthetic I'm after is described as "Krazy Golf," which is a unique and excit...

As a DevOps developer with substantial experience in Azure, particularly in Azure infrastructure, Azure DevOps, and Azure networking, I need your immediate support in the following areas: Your responsibilities will include: - Implementing continuous integration and continuous deployment strategies. - Resolving any bugs in the CI/CD pipeline and identifying improvements. To successfully execute this project, you should: - Have 5+ years of experience in the Azure environment. - Be proficient in Azure infrastructure, Azure DevOps, and Azure networking. - Have a track record in Jenkins, GitLab, and Azure DevOps. If you possess the above-mentioned skills and experience, please apply for this project.

I'm looking for a skilled designer who can help in creating a strong identity for my web project. This includes logo, branding, as well as User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) design. Key Requirements: - Proficiency in Identity design (logo, branding) is a must. - Proven experience in designing engaging and intuitive User Interfaces for the web. - Strong understanding of User Experience principles to ensure a seamless and enjoyable user journey on the web platform. The ideal candidate for this project would be someone who is not only creative but also has a deep understanding of the principles of design and the technical implications of their decisions. You should be able to come up with innovative and original ideas, but also be able to execute these ideas in a way that i...

For this project, chemistry expertise is crucial. I am in need of a professional who can provide well-informed consultations and guidance, conduct substantive research, and also create high-quality educational materials. As the role requires in-depth knowledge and understanding of chemistry, only freelancers with substantial experience should apply, indicating detailed context of their experience in their application. A high level of experience, particularly in the formation and creation of educational resources, is essential for success in this role.

...seeking a skilled web designer to completely overhaul my current website. This project is critical to drive online sales. Website: Currently using elementor I would like it to have a more modern appeal, and really focus on sales of the products. I am open to color scheme, either white with bright pops of color, or perhaps even darker for a luxury appeal such as the layout in the blogs (ex. ) I would like to keep all of the content (such as the benefits of each supplement) and maybe even give that more focus on the sales pages as opposed to having them in boxes (if you think this would be a good approach to drive sales) Would also like website to look good on all

As the lead of this project, I am looking for a proficient Unity developer who can efficiently handle asset delivery on both Android and iOS platforms. The main focus will be on Play Asset Delivery (on demand). Experience in this aspect is crucial as it forms a large part of the project. Additionally, knowledge and skills in iOS on-demand resources are vital too. An essential task will be delivering documentation on implementation. Therefore, first-rate communication skills, attention to detail, and a solid understanding of technical writing are key for this role. Ideal Skills: - Proven experience working with Unity on Android and iOS platforms - Proficiency in Play Asset Delivery (on demand) - Experience with iOS on-demand resources - Excellent technical writing and communication ski...

need model to be made

I have a project in AutoCAD that involves a range of design tasks - from creating 2D drawings to rendering images from CAD files. Key Requirements: - Creating 2D Drawings: These should have intermediate details, including dimensions and material specifications - Designing 3D Models: Expertise in Mechanical 3D modeling is essential - Rendering Images from CAD Files: You should be able to produce high-quality visualizations from the CAD data Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficient in AutoCAD software, specifically within the Mechanical field - Experience in creating detailed 2D drawings and 3D models - Strong portfolio of previous CAD work, particularly in rendering images from CAD files - Understanding of material properties and dimensions in a Mechanical context I'm looking for ...

We have an existing website developed on framer. We need a expert to make interactions and animations.

I'm seeking a talented blog writer with a high understanding and knowledge of tantra. Your task will consist of: - Writing compelling and engaging blogs about Tantra and Emotional Detox that are both informative and personal in nature. - Keeping blog posts factual, but also integrating personal exploration and discussion about the practices of Tantra. This will be a wonderful opportunity for a writer who has a passion for tantra and wants to share information, experiences, and personal insights about it. Previous experience in writing about spirituality, energy work, or similar topics is a big plus. Essential skills include strong research ability, excellent writing, and communication skills, and an inherent talent for storytelling. If you have a deep understanding of the practice ...

I'm in need of an IT specialist, specifically expert in the field. This role involves web development, database management, and network administration, with a strong emphasis on GitHub program installation. I am looking for a person/team with experience in installing the following software, there is a manual, please read the instructions. I am sending an installation request. I need to start the installation process as soon as possible. Downloading the software: Tutorial A comprehensive tutorial presented at NeurIPS 2023 - Seamless EXPO, the place to learn how to use the entire set of Seamless models. Feel free to play around with the notepad. Tutorial link:

I'm using Spring Boot 2.4.5 and looking for an expert in Apache Camel for a complex integration project. Key Requirements: - Handling data integration across various systems, including databases, REST APIs, and file systems. - Primarily, the task involves data transformation. Your role will be: - Developing efficient routes and integration patterns using Apache Camel. - Ensuring seamless data transformation across multiple systems. Ideal candidates should have: - Proficiency in Spring Boot and Apache Camel, with a proven track record of similar projects. - Strong understanding of data transformation techniques. - Familiarity with various types of integration, particularly database, REST API, and file system integration. This is a challenging project and requires a skill...

I'm urgently seeking an adept architect who can redesign my semi-detached house into 2 residential units of different sizes. The job requires: - Extensive knowledge in residential layout planning and design - Considerable experience in remodelling homes into multiple units - Strong understanding of space utilization while ensuring privacy - Ability to work under tight deadlines, as I need this project completed ASAP Success in this project would mean a seamless transformation of my semi-detached house into 2 practical and aesthetically pleasing units of different sizes. To manage and maintain builders stage payments at each stage once work completed.

...currently experiencing several issues with my Flutter project and urgently require skilled assistance. The primary problems include persistent build errors and several UI layout issues. Ideally, the chosen candidate will be proficient in working with the Flutter framework, experienced in solving similar issues, and familiar with both Android and iOS development. • Build Errors: My project has been spawning various build errors that hinder the execution of the application. The freelancer is expected to help identify and rectify these errors. • UI Layout Problems: There are also vital concerns with the user interface layout. Some pages don't render correctly on different screen sizes, and the general responsiveness of the UI is inconsistent. The task...

I'm in search of a professional based in Delhi/NCR to manage and maintain my website. The website is already developed, now I just need someone to maintain it and perform necessary updates and alterations. Key Responsibilities: - Execute content updates on the website as required. - Implement design modifications to enhance the user experience. - Improve website functionality to ensure it's always operating at its best. Requirements: - Proven experience in managing WordPress websites. - A keen eye for design and ability to implement changes effectively. - Understanding of website functionality and how to enhance it. - Availability to make changes as needed, so residing in Delhi/NCR is preferred.

I'm presently seeking a creative website developer to enhance the CSS code of my website's homepage to foster a more visually appealing design. Key Responsibilities: • Redesign the homepage layout to make it visually more engaging. • Improve the CSS code in line with market trends. • Maintain balance between aesthetics and functionality. and make it as so that it is responsive with any device > Also improve the HTML code of website Ideally, you should have: • Proven experience in CSS coding. • Strong visual design skills. • Familiarity with the latest website design trends. • Ability to incorporate feedback accurately and promptly. Let's reshape my homepage from bland to grand. Looking forward to witnessing your cutti...

Looking for an expert SAP SD Consultant, specifically for SAP S/4HANA. The job involves: - Configuration for an integration project. - Handling the interaction between our existing SAP SD setup and the BTP application. - Directing scenarios on SAP for effective integration. The ideal candidate will possess: - Proficiency in SAP S/4HANA SD. - Extensive experience in configuring and integrating SAP SD. - Experience with BTP applications. - Ability to troubleshoot, manage and expedite any issues during the integration work. SAP SD Consultants who thrive in challenging and innovative environments are highly encouraged to bid.

...Points: - The design of the Business Proposal should be modern. - It should include high-quality images that I have ready to provide. - The final output of this project should be in a digital format such as a PDF. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in InDesign or similar design software. - Experience in creating visually appealing Business Proposals. - Strong eye for modern design and layout. - Ability to work with high-quality images. - Knowledge of digital document creation and formatting. Your task will be to take the existing content and images and create a visually appealing, modern Business Proposal that will impress potential clients and partners. Compliance with the information provided and a keen eye for design are essential. This requires a qui...